Staff writer Akina Nanayakkara reports on New Caledonia’s fight for independence from France.
New Caledonia’s Independence from France – The Myriad
By Akina NanayakkaraNew Caledonia first became a French colony in 1853 and has been a French overseas territory since 1946. As of October 2020, New Caledonia held an independence referendum on the with 53% of voters voting against becoming an independent country.This is following the referendum of 2018 where 56% voted for the same outcome. New Caledonia as a territory is made up of Kanak people, Europeans, and those of mixed heritage. The strong polarization between those of Kanak heritage and non-Kanak heritage has led to a deep divide in views for the future of New Caledonia.
Talks of independence is no new matter for New Caledonia
For New Caledonia, the issue of independence has been a dividing matter. The 1980s are evident of this due to the mass violence that occurred over the issue between the French Government and the movement for independence. As a result of this violence and upheaval, the 1988 Matignon and 1998 Nouméa accords were singed. In doing this a middle ground was achieved leading to a peaceful division of power that has lasted over 30 years. Under the accords, New Caledonia is granted up to three referendums regarding independence.
The first referendum took place in 2018 with a voter turnout of 81% and 56.4% voting against independence. The second took place on the 4th of October 2020 with a higher turnout of 85.69% however still a majority of voters opting against independence. Under the Nouméa Accord, there is to be one further referendum that is to be held by 2022.
Campaigns have existed in New Caledonia
Numerous campaigns exist within New Caledonia. The main campaigns supporting independence and secessionism are the Kanak and Socialist National Liberation Front (FLNKS), the National Movement for the Sovereignty of Kanaky and the Labour party. Independence campaigns are claiming more power due to the decrease in support for Loyalists as a result of the younger liberal voters.
The main parties opposing independence are referred to as Loyalists, this includes the National rally and L’Avenir en confiance. For those supporting independence, full autonomy would mean the ability to reduce inequality, decolonize and the ability to widen their culture to a greater population.
Those opposing independence, however, argue that there is a need for pride in French heritage and culture. Loyalists further argue against independence due to the higher standard of living due to frequent subsidies from France.
One key campaign point is the use and exploitation of Nickel in New Caledonia. The use of nickel is an area where Loyalists stand firmly and is seen as a vital resource. Loyalists argue nickel mining is a major part of New Caledonia’s employment and income. On the contrary, those in favor of independence criticize pollution from the nickel industry and are skeptical of foreign involvement.
The results of 2020 do not eliminate a possible future vote for independence
Overall, New Caledonia’s fight for independence has been long-standing. Although a majority vote to remain was achieved in 2020, many in hopes of independence see this outcome as a win. Votes for independence has increased over the span of two years, leading many optimistic voters to hope a marginal win could be possible within the next two to three years.